Gardasil Vaccine

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is primarily spread through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Note that one can be infected even without symptoms, so even people who appear to be healthy can still transmit this virus. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved Gardasil, a highly effective vaccine to prevent HPV, in 2006.

There are some 200 different strains of HPV, approximately 40 of which can infect the genital area. Gardasil can prevent over 90% of cancers caused by HPV. These cancers include:

• cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in women

• penile cancer in men

• anal cancers

• cancers of tonsils, base of tongue, and back of throat (oropharyngeal cancer)

• anogenital warts

HPV infections are so common that nearly all people will get at least one type of HPV infection at some time in their lives. Most HPV infections go away on their own within two years. However, some HPV infections last longer, and can cause cancers later on. Factors that increase the risk of HPV infection include early sexual activity, multiple sex partners, smoking, a weakened immune system, and the use of oral contraceptives.

The HPV vaccine is now routinely recommended for both girls and boys starting at 9 years old, to ensure that they are protected before they are exposed to the virus. It can be given to everyone through 26 years of age, although, depending on a person’s risk factors, it may be given until age 45.

While it is best to receive the HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active, those who are sexually active are at continued risk, and should get the vaccine. Typically, there are two doses, although three doses are recommended for some. It is not given during pregnancy.

The HPV vaccine has been extensively tested and is very safe and effective. Any side effects are generally mild and temporary. I urge you to speak with your healthcare provider about whether the HPV vaccine is right for you and for your children.